外源海藻糖对NaHCO3胁迫下甘草幼苗生长调节及总黄酮含量的影响

本研究以甘草无菌苗为试验材料,采用植物组织培养的方法,分析50 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ 胁迫下外源海藻糖对甘草幼苗生长量、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化保护酶活性和总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明： 50 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ 胁迫显著降低了甘草幼苗的生长量、叶绿体色素含量、K⁺ 浓度、抗氧化保护酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性和总黄酮含量,显著提高了丙二醛、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量以及Na⁺浓度;施加15 mmol·L^-1 海藻糖可显著提高甘草幼苗的生长量,提高叶绿素含量、K⁺ 浓度和总黄酮含量,降低丙二酸含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和Na⁺ 浓度,并且提高抗氧化保护酶活性。因此,NaHCO₃胁迫下施加外源海藻糖对甘草幼苗生长具有良好的调节作用,可以增强甘草的抗碱能力,促进甘草幼苗生长。本研究为外源海藻糖提高甘草耐碱性和揭示其调控机制提供理论依据。     

Effect of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and in vitro Rapid Propagation of Wild Petunia Juss.

In this study,the seeds of wild Petunia Juss.were used as explants to investigate the optimal condition for tissue culture.Several different kinds and concentrations of growth regulators were adopted to produce more multiple bud clumps,callus or roots in this study.The experiments may provide experimental foundation for the rapid propagation technology and establishment of tissue culture system for wild Petunia Juss.     

植物病原丝状真菌寄生性与RGS蛋白的关系研究

以49个全基因组序列已经公布的真菌为研究对象，通过OrthoVenn2同源基因簇比对、BLASTp比对和关键词搜索3种方法对G蛋白信号调控因子（regulators of G-protein signaling，RGS）同源基因进行比对分析，并结合SMART进行保守结构域分析，结果发现，49个真菌中共有229个RGS蛋白，每种真菌中所含有RGS蛋白的数量范围为3~9个，且死体营养型病原菌和半活体营养型病原菌的RGS蛋白数量高于活体营养型病原菌；根据RGS蛋白中保守结构域进行分类，可以划分为DEP-RGS、RGS-TM、PXA-RGS-PX、RGS、RGS-PAS-PAC、TM-RGS等6种，其中，具有RGS-PAS-PAC和TM-RGS这2种特殊保守结构域的RGS蛋白主要集中在半活体营养型病原菌和死体营养型病原菌；进一步对229个RGS蛋白进行遗传关系分析，发现具有同种保守结构域的RGS蛋白亲缘关系较近。上述研究结果表明植物病原丝状真菌的寄生性与RGS蛋白数量和种类之间存在着一定的关联性。     

Na+ Retention in the Root is a Key Adaptive Mechanism to Low and High Salinity in the Glycophyte,Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. (Portulacaceae)

Talinum paniculatum is an important leafy vegetable and medicinal plant, used in many parts of South America, Africa and Asia. Its adaptation to abiotic stress has received little attention and therefore worthy of interest, especially as environmental conditions are rendering arable lands increasingly unfavourable for agriculture. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine the influence of salt stress on the vegetative growth of the plant by subjecting seedlings to 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mm NaCl stress for 10 days. The dry weight, ion concentrations, relative water content, oxidative damage, proline, osmotic potential and some antioxidants were determined. The plants were found to retain Na⁺ mainly in the root, with less affected leaf K⁺ concentration, and consequently very low shoot Na⁺/K⁺ ratios (<0.2) under all the stress treatments. The proline content significantly increased under the 100–300 mm treatments (18‐ to 244‐fold), with a corresponding significant reduction in osmotic potential and hence high osmotic adjustment. The antioxidant enzyme activities and non‐enzyme antioxidants showed significant increase only under the highest salinity. Taken together, these results suggest that shoot Na⁺ exclusion is characteristic of this plant and is mainly responsible for its adaptation to low salinity.     

Callus induction and plant regeneration from lateral shoots of herbaceous bamboo Mniochloa abersend

Callus induction and plant regeneration of Mniochloa abersend via lateral shoots were conducted in this study. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was effective for compact callus induction. Remarkably, calli on the MS medium with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D yielded the highest folds of proliferation (8.01), and showed a high potential capacity to differentiate 1 year after subculture. In addition, the compact calli possessed 100% differentiation rate and generated more shoots that were green and strong in 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 1.0 mg/L NAA. Vigorous roots were generated in the 1/2MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid, and the resultant plantlets exhibited 90% survival rate after they were hardened and transplanted. The established regeneration system of M. abersend provides a promising platform for bamboo gene function study.     

昆虫生长调节剂的开发现状与发展趋势

本文简要地介绍了与环境友好，相容的昆虫生长调节剂包括几丁质抑制剂，保幼激素类似物和蜕皮激素似物的开发现状和发展趋势，昆虫生长调节剂的发展虽缓慢，但前景广阔。     

植物生长调节剂对混播牧草产量及生理特征的影响

应用随机区组试验,研究了赤霉酸(GA3) 6-BA、GA3、6-BA及KT对混播牧草产量及若干生理特征的影响。结果表明:植物生长调节剂处理后,苜蓿Medicago sativa和无芒雀麦Bromus inermis的叶绿素含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均明显高于对照(CK),同时也抑制了丙二醛(MDA)的含量升高。在分别测定苜蓿和无芒雀麦干草产量中,各处理与对照之间差异极显著(P<0.01),其中GA3 6-BA与GA3、6-BA、KT这3种处理差异极显著(P<0.01),其干草总产量达到最高(9 004.5 kg/hm2);另外,GA3、6-BA处理都与KT处理结果差异显著(P<0.05)。     

生长调节剂对红富士苹果花芽抗寒性及物候期的影响

秋季对红富士苹果树喷施植物生长调节剂,翌年春季测定花芽电导率、脯氨酸、丙二醛和观测物候期,结果表明：脯氨酸含量均比对照高1～2倍,电解质透出率与脯氨酸含量呈极显著负相关关系（r=0．9265）;生长调节剂能够降低苹果花芽内丙二醛含量,并与电导率一致,且两者指标高度正相关（r=0．8614）,能够稳定膜结构,减轻膜受伤害的程度。单喷2000mg／L青鲜素延迟初花期和盛花期6d和5d;复配剂100mg／L赤霉素＋1500mg／L青鲜素则分别延迟7d和6d。     

野菊幼苗对自然干旱胁迫的生理响应

用盆栽法对原产于辽宁本溪的野菊（Dendranthema indicum）幼苗在自然干旱胁迫下的生理响应进行了研究。结果表明,渗透调节物可溶性蛋白含量处理期间一直低于对照,后期开始上升并接近对照;可溶性糖与之相反,处理前期急剧上升后期开始下降;丙二醛与相对电导率在处理期间都高于对照,随时间的延长,复水组逐渐接近对照;保护酶系统变化趋势比较一致,都是先上升后下降,最后再上升。本研究认为这种变化前期是植物自我的保护机制,后期的抗氧化酶含量上升可能是植物对环境产生了适应性。综合分析,认为在自然干旱胁迫下野菊有较好的忍耐能力、恢复能力和适应能力,具有较强的抗旱性,可作为良好的园林植物材料应用。     

Calcium and its relationship to blossom‐end rot in tomato

Abstract

Absorption, transport and redistribution of calcium in higher plants is summarized.

Requeriments and roles of the element both at the molecular and physiological level are discussed.

A review of the literature on the occurence of blossom‐end rot is presented next as well as a summary of the factors which influence the disorder.

After drawing the conclusion that lack of calcium in the fruit is the immediate cause of blossom‐end rot an attempt is made to present a conciliatory picture of the apparently divergent data and ideas found in the literature sampled for review.